Device for pressing empty containers together and method therefor

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a method for pressing together empty containers, especially drinks bottles or cans made of plastic, especially PET or tinplate, comprising a housing ( 1 ) with a fill opening ( 2 ) and an outlet ( 3 ), in addition to a cutting and pressing unit ( 4 ) disposed in said housing, and means for driving and controlling the cutting and pressing unit ( 4 ). The cutting and pressing unit ( 4 ) contains at least two rollers ( 4.1  and  4.2 ) whose axes of rotation are arranged at a distance from each other. Each roller ( 4.1  and  4.2 ), when seen in the longitudinal direction of the axis of rotation (A 1 ; A 2 ) thereof, comprises at least two, preferably several sections (S 1  and S 2 ). Sections (S 1  and S 2 ) successively following each other in an alternate manner respectively have another diameter (D 1 ; D 2 ). When the two rollers ( 4.1  and  4.2 ) are mounted, at least the sections (S 2 ) having the larger diameter are arranged in such a way that they are offset in relation to each other and the peripheral surfaces thereof partially overlap with each other, forming cutting disks ( 5 ) whose peripheral surfaces are respectively provided with at least one groove.

The invention relates to a device as well as a method for pressing together empty containers, particularly beverage bottles or cans and similar waste material, in accordance with the preamble of claim 1.

Such devices are used to compact empty containers, particularly those from the foods sector, such as beverage bottles, cans, and similar containers, for transport to recycling facilities or for the recycling process itself.

For one thing, devices that work according to the principle of plate pressing are known, and for another, those whose pressing unit(s) contain rollers are known. These devices are optimized either for the treatment of plastic containers or of tin plate containers or cans.

Since the said waste goods can also contain closed containers, in a not insignificant number, a perforator often precedes the pressing device(s) of these devices, e.g. a perforator according to DE 43 38 561 A1 or U.S. Pat. No. 5,642,661 A.

In order to be able to reduce the technical effort and expense in the case of these devices, devices are also known in which means for perforation are provided on the pressing parts of the pressing device(s), e.g. in the case of a device for compacting empty beverage containers according to DE 100 55 201 Al. This device possesses a conveyor segment that narrows in essentially funnel shape, into which the beverage containers enter and are successively compacted under the effect of devices for transporting them and pressing them together, which delimit the conveyor segment on the sides.

Furthermore, it is provided that there the rollers are equipped with blade-shaped elevations that are distributed on their circumference, which extend over the length of the rollers, in other words parallel to their axis of rotation. Furthermore and in particular in the case of this device, the devices for transporting and pressing together the beverage containers consist of rollers driven by drum motors.

This device is expensive and maintenance-intensive, particularly because of the modules last mentioned.

Another disadvantage results if the distance between the rollers, which are disposed in pairs, particularly those having the least distance between axes, is not precisely adjusted with regard to the distance between them and the position of the blades, which are oriented longitudinally. In this case, cutting of the material that is passed through takes place, so that smaller pieces are formed from a bottle or can, in each instance. Such small and very small pieces are very difficult to process further into bales, if this can even be done at all; additional containers are then required for their transport.

Proceeding from this state of the art, a person skilled in the art is confronted with the task of configuring a device for pressing together empty containers, particularly beverage bottles or beverage cans made of plastic, particularly PET bottles, or tin plate, in such a manner that pressing them together is reliably guaranteed, and that the production costs and maintenance effort and expense for these devices can be reduced as compared with known devices, and furthermore, an improvement in the method is being sought.

According to the invention, this task is accomplished by means of a device for pressing together empty containers, having the characteristics of claim 1; advantageous further developments and embodiments of the invention are the object of the dependent apparatus claims as well as of the method claims.

The core idea of the invention consists in the fact that with the new device, the said containers are perforated and pressed together at almost the same time, using only one pair of rollers. The means for perforation are configured in such a manner and disposed on each of the two (pressing) rollers, preferably integrated into the latter, particularly an integral part of their bodies themselves, so that according to the method, wall segments into which cuts have been made hook into the wall segments of a container that is being pressed against them, while the flattened material is being cut in segments and/or immediately afterwards, quasi in the end phase of such a cut. In this way, the container's tendency to expand again after being pressed, which is determined by its original body shape, the elasticity values of the container material, and the pressing process, is counteracted.

Furthermore, on at least one of the rollers of the new device, the means for pressing together are shaped, and disposed in their position relative to the means for pressing together provided on the roller that is positioned essentially parallel opposite, in such a manner that the outer surface of the container, viewed in the crosswise direction to its transport direction, is partially cut or at least partially slit at least in segments. In this way, tensions in the material that are present there are released, and therefore the tendency of the container to expand again after it has been pressed together is also counteracted.

Furthermore, the handling of plastic containers, particularly those of PET material, and of containers made of tin plate, is made possible in the said manner, one immediately after the other, without additional adjustments to the device, by means of the new device.

The new device for pressing together empty containers, particularly beverage bottles or cans made of plastic or tin plate, consists of a housing having a fill-in opening as well as an exit opening (outlet opening) and a cutting and pressing unit disposed in the housing. Furthermore, means for driving and controlling the cutting and pressing unit are provided, whereby the cutting and pressing unit contains at least two rollers that are disposed at a distance from one another with reference to their axes of rotation. Each of the two rollers has several disks disposed at an axial distance from one another, the working disks.

Particularly, it is provided, on this cutting and pressing unit, that each roller, viewed in the longitudinal direction of its axis of rotation, has at least two, preferably more segments, whereby at least one segment of these segments, which alternately follow one another, possesses one or more disks that are spaced axially apart, and whereby these consecutive segments possess a different outside diameter, in each instance, and, in the installed state of the two rollers, at least the segments having the larger diameter are offset relative to one another and are disposed with their circumference surfaces partially meshing (overlapping) next to one another, and thereby form cutting disks. Preferably, at least one groove is provided in the circumference surface of at least one of these cutting disks, which passes through both cutting disk flanks.

Preferably, the length of the segments having the greater diameter is less than the length of the segments that possess one or more disks having a smaller diameter. Preferably, the diameter of the larger disks is 79 mm, the diameter of the longer segments—the pressing regions—is 70 mm, and the core diameter of the rollers is 50 mm.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention also consists in the fact that the segments having the smaller outside diameter also possess at least two recesses that are directed radially inward, reaching to the core diameter, in such a manner that at least one pressure disk is formed. Preferably, however, several pressure disks are worked into the segments having the smaller diameter, which disks are spaced apart from one another by the width of the recess.

Preferably, at least one groove is provided in the circumference surface of at least one of these pressure disks, whereby each groove that is provided passes through both flanks of the pressure disk in question.

According to another embodiment, strippers are disposed between the disks, whereby standard strippers of document shredders can be used.

Since it is supposed to be possible to reliably press together both beverage bottles or beverage cans made of plastic, particularly PET bottles, as well as containers made of tin plate, the requirements to be fulfilled are also of many kinds. In the case of the activities for solving the problem—the theoretical considerations and the practical experiments—it turned out that not only the design (shape) and the number of cutting disks are important in themselves, but also, the dimensioning of the so-called cutting play between adjacent cutting disks and the material used for the cutting rollers have a positive or negative effect on the performance parameters of such a device, including its availability and maintenance effort and expense. A positive effect is achieved if this cutting play has a value between 0.2 mm and 2 mm between adjacent disks, and/or the overlap between adjacent and opposite disks is selected to be between 0.5 mm and 2.5 mm, preferably 10% of the width of a disk.

The rollers of the device preferably consist of the material 42CrMoS4. The disks of the rollers are hardened and maximally have a hardness of 55 HRc.

According to a special embodiment of the grooves formed in the circumference surface of the cutting disk(s), the trailing flank, in the direction of rotation, forms an acute-angle hook with the circumference surface, which points in the direction of rotation, whereby the groove flank that starts at the tip has a linear progression as well as a progression that is directed opposite the direction of rotation of the roller, at least in segments, and the subsequent transition region is configured in arc shape towards the groove toe and/or the groove flank that lies in the circumference direction. Preferably, the two groove flanks run parallel to one another or divergent. The tip angle of the hook is preferably selected to be between 45° and 80°.

In another preferred embodiment, the rollers rotate at a speed of 60 rpm. It is furthermore provided that the start pulse for the rollers is issued by way of a photo eye, and that an after-running time is provided.

Furthermore, it is provided, in the case of the new device, that the cutting and pressing unit is preceded by a separator in the region of the fill-in opening, which comprises, in a preferred embodiment, a supply container having a funnel-like shape. Blades rotate around an axis of rotation of the separator, preferably three or four blades, which pass the waste goods to the cutting and pressing unit in the transport direction, in orderly manner and, at the same time, press the waste goods into the intake gap of the cutting and pressing unit, at least until the containers are seized by the cutting disks. Above the cutting mechanism and behind the separator, one of the walls of the funnel is continued, or a plate-like part is disposed, to delimit the supply area and as a guide surface for passing any containers that might have passed through under the blades or been dragged along back to the supply area.

Other advantageous design details of the new device are the bearings for the rollers that are inserted into the bearing plates from the outside. This is advantageous because it cannot be precluded that containers are closed and furthermore still contain liquid, which in turn can ferment, so that a pressure is built up in the bottle and this liquid sprays about, in uncontrolled manner, in the cutting and pressing unit, during the first perforation.

Because of the latter, nozzles are provided in the housing of the device, to apply disinfectant to the rollers and/or the inlet and outlet openings.

The outside dimensions of the device are such that it can be coupled to automated devices for accepting bottles and/or cans for recycling.

In the following description part, the invention will be explained in greater detail using advantageous exemplary embodiments schematically shown in drawings. These show:

FIG. 1 a device according to the invention in a side view, with the side surface partially opened, and a view of the cutting and pressing unit,

FIG. 2 a schematic view from the side of the two rollers, with the front (left) bearing plate removed,

FIG. 3 the first (front) roller in a top view, without drive wheel,

FIG. 3 a the position of the two rollers relative to one another,

FIG. 4 a a view of the drive side of one of the rollers,

FIG. 4 b a face view of FIG. 4 a,

FIG. 4 c a side view of FIG. 4 a, without the cutting disk,

FIG. 5 a detail of a cutting disk, with another variant of the groove configuration,

FIG. 6 another variant of the separator that precedes the rollers, which assumes a press-down function at the same time, and

FIGS. 7 and 7 a other variants of the blades of the metering and press-down shaft shown in FIG. 1.

The new device for pressing together empty containers is shown schematically in FIG. 1, in a side view, with a partially opened side surface and a view of the cutting and pressing unit. The device comprises a housing 1, having a fill-in opening 2 in its front side 1.2, as well as an exit opening 3, also called an outlet opening, in its bottom side 1.3, and a cutting and pressing unit 4 disposed in the housing 1, as well as means for driving and controlling the cutting and pressing unit 4, which are not shown here. The top side 1.1 and the rear side 1.4 of the housing 1 are closed in this exemplary embodiment.

The cutting and pressing unit 4 contains two rollers 4.1 and 4.2 that are disposed at a distance from one another with regard to their axes of rotation. Each roller 4.1 and 4.2 has two, preferably several segments S1 and S2—see FIG. 2 to 3 a in this regard—viewed in the longitudinal direction of their axes of rotation A1 and A2, respectively, whereby segments that alternately follow one another each possess a different outside diameter D1, D2, in each instance and, in the assembled state of the two rollers 4.1 and 4.2, at least the segments S2 that possess the larger outside diameter D2 are disposed offset relative to one another and partially meshing (overlapping) with their circumference surfaces, next to one another, and thereby form cutting disks 5, the circumference surfaces 5.1 of which possesses at least one groove, in each instance.

A slide 9 is provided in front of the lower edge of the fill-in opening 2, towards the cutting and pressing unit 4, on which the containers G3, G2, or G1 roll or slide to reach the unit 4. Above this slide 9, a separator 10 is positioned, which passes the containers G3, G2, or G1 to the unit 4 in the transport direction F, with its blades 12, here three, that rotate about an axis of rotation 11, in orderly manner and, at the same time, presses them into the intake gap of the cutting and pressing unit 4, at least until the containers are seized by the cutting disks 5. Dk refers to the circumference circle described by the ends of the blades 12. Above the cutting and pressing unit 4 and behind the separator 10, a plate-like frame part 13 is disposed to delimit the accommodation space. The region of the exit of the objects treated in the cutting and pressing unit 4 has the reference symbol 7.

The length L2 of the segments S2 having the larger outside diameter D2 is less than the length L1 of the segments S2 that possess the smaller outside diameter D1.

The segments S1 that possess the smaller diameter D1 possess at least two recesses E that are directed radially inward, up to the core diameter 4.3, in such a manner that at least one pressure disk 6 is formed.

Preferably, several pressure disks 6 are provided in the segments S1 that have the smaller diameter D1, which disks are spaced apart from one another with the width B3 of the recess E, in each instance. The so-called cutting play 16 between adjacent disks 6 or 5 and 6, in other words their side surfaces 6.2 or 5.2, respectively, see FIG. 3 a, has a value between 0.2 mm and 2 mm.

B1 refers to the width of the pressure disks 6; B2 refers to the width of the cutting disks 5.

The overlap of adjacent and opposite disks is selected to be in a value range between 0.5 mm and 2.5 mm; preferably, this overlap amounts to 10% of the width of a disk 5 or 6, respectively.

The disks of the rollers 4.1 and 4.2 are hardened and possess a maximal hardness of 55 HRc.

The left end region of the roller 4.1, in this figure, is shaped as a bearing journal 4.4, and the right end region as a bearing and drive journal 4.5.

In the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and 2, the bearings of the rollers 4.1 and 4.2 are inserted into the bearing plates 8 from the outside, and preferably also sealed towards the inside, towards the working space. This design is particularly wear-resistant and maintenance-friendly.

Details of the segments S1 and S2 as well as of the configuration of the rollers are shown in FIG. 3 and 3 a. Preferably, the diameter D2 of the segments S2 is 79 mm, the diameter D1 of the smaller segments S1 is 70 mm, and the core diameter 4.3 of the rollers 4.1 and 4.2 is 50 mm.

The speed of rotation of the rollers 4.1 and 4.2 of the cutting and pressing unit 4 is preferably 60 rpm. The start pulse for the rollers 4.1 and 4.2 is preferably issued by way of a photo eye that is not shown here; furthermore, an after-running time is also predetermined with this control component, so that all of the containers that have been fed in always leave the cutting and pressing unit. When the rollers are at rest, there are therefore no containers between same; adhesions caused by residual contents of the containers, and unnecessary stress on the cutting regions of the cutting disks are avoided.

FIG. 1 and 2 also show that in the case of this embodiment, strippers 4.6 are disposed between the disks 5 and 6, whereby standard strippers of document shredders are used.

Not shown are the nozzles disposed in the housing 1 to apply disinfectant and/or cleaner to the rollers 4.1 and 4.2 and/or the inlet opening 2 and the outlet opening 3, so that any odor formation promoted by liquid residues and the ambient atmosphere (bacteria formation) can be prevented.

FIGS. 4 a to 5 show exemplary embodiments for the detailed configuration of the cutting disks 5 and the pressure disks 6, as well as the grooves disposed in the cutting disks 5.

According to FIG. 5, the trailing flank FL of the grooves 5.3 disposed in the circumference surface 5.1 of the cutting disks 5, in the direction of rotation R, R′, forms an acute-angle hook 5.4 with the circumference surface 5.1, which points in the direction of rotation, whereby the groove flank FL that starts at the tip S has a linear progression as well as a progression that is directed opposite the direction of rotation of the rollers R, R′, and the subsequent transition region K is configured in arc shape towards the groove toe N and/or the groove flank F1L or F2L that lies in the direction of rotation.

Preferably, the two groove flanks FL and F1L run parallel to one another or divergent FL, F2L. The tip angle W of the hook 5.4 is preferably selected to be between 45° and 80°.

FIG. 4 a shows the right segment of the second roller 4.2, the rear roller shown in FIG. 3 a. The bearing and drive journal provided in this end region is designated as item 4.5. A cutting disk 5 is flanked by a pressure disk 6 on both sides. Grooves 6.3 and 5.33, respectively, are disposed in the circumference surface 6.1 and 5.1, respectively, which break up their side surfaces 6.2 and 5.2, respectively.

A face view of FIG. 4 a is shown in FIG. 4 b, with a view of the side surface 6.2 and the hooks 5.4 of the cutting disk 5 disposed behind it. FIG. 4 c shows a face view of FIG. 4 a, in which the cutting disk 5 was left out in the representation of the component being considered, in order to be able to show the formation of the grooves 6.3 in the pressure disk 6 more clearly. As shown schematically, the depth of the grooves 6.3 is significantly less, as compared with the depth of the grooves 5.3.

FIG. 6 shows another variant of a separator. This separator 14 possesses two star-shaped shafts, viewed in the side (face) view, the direction of rotation of which is the same as that of the related rollers.

FIG. 7 and 7 a show other variants of the blades of the separator 10. Proceeding from the center, the axis of rotation 11, these blades are shaped in a polygon progression 17 or in arc shape 18. These embodiments guarantee, even better than the basic variant, that the containers being passed in, particularly containers having a volume between 0.25 liters and 3 liters, receive an optimal contact pressure in the direction of the intake gap of the cutting and pressing unit 4. As is furthermore evident from these two figures, the end regions of the blades 17 and 18, respectively, are fitted with stabbing elements 19. The tip of these stabbing elements 19 points in the direction of rotation, in other words in the working direction. By means of this measure, holding and guiding the containers to the intake gap of the cutting and pressing unit 4 is improved even more. Particularly in the case of containers that have very thin walls or are very flexible, it can happen, under some circumstances, that the blade ends could slip past such a container. These stabbing elements 19 counteract such a tendency.

In the case of the embodiment according to FIG. 1, connector fittings 15 are provided on the front side 1.2, in the region of the fill-in opening. These are affixed there in case the device is supposed to be coupled with an automated device for accepting bottles and/or cans for recycling.

All of the characteristics mentioned in the above description, as well as those that can be derived solely from the drawings, are further integral parts of the invention, even if they are not particularly emphasized and, in particular, are not mentioned in the claims.

The invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiment described, but rather is variable in many different ways, within the scope of the disclosure.

REFERENCE SYMBOL LIST

-   1 housing -   1.1 top side (surface) 1.2 front side -   1.3 bottom side 1.4 rear side -   2 fill-in opening -   3 outlet opening (exit opening) -   4 cutting and pressing unit -   4.1 first roller (front) 4.2 second roller (rear) -   4.3 core diameter 4.4 bearing journal -   4.5 bearing and drive journal 4.6 stripper -   5 cutting disks -   5.1 circumference surfaces 5.2 side surfaces -   5.3, 5.33 grooves 5.4 hook -   6 pressure disks -   6.1 circumference surface 6.2 side surface -   7 exit 8 bearing plates -   9 slide 10 separator -   11 axis of rotation of item 10 12 blade(s) -   13 frame part (delimitation of the accommodation space towards the     rear) -   14 separator (selector) -   15 connector fitting(s) 16 cutting play -   17 blade, polygon progression 18 blade, arc-shaped -   19 stabbing elements (sharp screws, nails, or a similar part) -   A1 axis of rotation of the roller 4.1 -   A2 axis of rotation of the roller 4.2 -   B1 width of item 6 B2 width of item 5 -   B3 width of the recesses -   D1 diameter of the segments S1 (outside diameter) -   D2 diameter of the segments S2 (outside diameter) -   Dk circumference circle of the blades according to FIG. 1 -   E recesses -   F transport direction -   FL flank -   F1L flank -   F2L flank -   N groove toe -   K transition region -   W tip angle -   G1, G2, G3 containers having different diameters -   S tip of item 5.4 -   S1 segments -   S2 segments -   L1 length of the segments S1 -   L2 length of the segments S2 -   R direction of rotation (turning direction) -   R′ direction of rotation (turning direction) 

1. Device for pressing together empty containers, particularly beverage bottles or cans made of plastic, particularly of PET; or tin plate, comprising a housing (1) having a fill-in opening (2) as well as an exit opening (3), and a cutting and pressing unit (4) disposed in the housing (1), as well as means for driving and controlling the cutting and pressing unit (4), whereby the cutting and pressing unit (4) contains at least two rollers (4.1 and 4.2) that are disposed at a distance from one another with reference to their axes of rotation, characterized in that each of the rollers (4.1 and 4.2), viewed in the longitudinal direction of its axis of rotation (A1; A2), has at least two, preferably several segments (S1 and S2), whereby segments (S1 and S2) that alternately follow one another possess a different outside diameter (D1; D2), in each instance, and, in the installed state of the two rollers (4.1 and 4.2), at least the segments (S2) having the larger outside diameter (D2) are offset relative to one another and are disposed with their circumference surfaces partially meshing (overlapping) next to one another, thereby forming cutting disks (5) whose circumference surfaces (5.1) possesses at least one groove, in each instance.
 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the length (L2) of the segments (S2) having the larger outside diameter (D2) is less than the length (L1) of the segments (S1) that possess the smaller outside diameter (D1).
 3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the segments (S1) having the smaller outside diameter (D1) possess at least two recesses (E) that are directed radially inward, reaching to a core diameter (4.3), in such a manner that at least one pressure disk (6) is formed.
 4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the segments (S1) that have the smaller diameter (D1) have several pressure disks (6), which are spaced apart from one another with the width (B3) of the recess (E), in each instance.
 5. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the so-called cutting play (16) between adjacent disks (6 or 5 and 6) has a value between 0.2 mm and 2 mm.
 6. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the overlap of adjacent and opposite disks has a value range between 0.5 mm and 2.5 mm, preferably 10% of the width of a disk (5 or 6, respectively).
 7. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rollers preferably consist of the material 42CrMoS4.
 8. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the disks of the rollers (4.1 and 4.2) are hardened and possess a maximal hardness of 55 HRc.
 9. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bearings of the rollers (4.1 and 4.2) are inserted into the bearing plates (8) from the outside.
 10. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the diameter (D2) of the segments (S2) is preferably 79 mm, the diameter (D1) of the smaller segments (S1) is 70 mm, and the core diameter (4.3) of the rollers (4.1 and 4.2) is 50 mm.
 11. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the speed of rotation of the rollers is preferably 60 rpm.
 12. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that strippers (4.6) are disposed between the disks (5 and 6), whereby standard strippers of document shredders are used.
 13. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a photo eye that issues a start pulse for the rollers (4.1 and 4.2) is provided, which also controls the after-running time.
 14. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that nozzles are provided in the housing (1), to apply disinfectant to the rollers (4.1 and 4.2) and/or the inlet (2) and outlet (3) openings.
 15. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cutting disks (5) have grooves (5.3) worked into their circumference surface (5.1), the trailing flank (FL) of which, in the direction of rotation (R, R′), forms an acute-angle hook (5.4) with the circumference surface (5.1), which points in the direction of rotation, whereby the groove flank (FL) that starts at the tip (S) has a linear progression as well as a progression that is directed opposite the direction of rotation of the rollers (R, R′), and the subsequent transition region (K) is configured in arc shape towards the groove toe (N) and/or the groove flank (FL1) that lies in the direction of rotation.
 16. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two groove flanks (FL and FL1) run parallel to one another or divergent (FL, FL2).
 17. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tip angle (W) of the hook (5.4) is preferably selected to be between 45° and 80°.
 18. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cutting and pressing unit (4) is preceded by a separator/selector (10).
 19. Device according to claim 18, characterized in that the separator/selector (10) is a blade shaft that preferably possesses three or four blades (12) whose free blade ends trail, viewed in the direction of rotation (R′).
 20. Device according to claim 19, characterized in that the blades attached in the center, i.e. at the axis of rotation (11), are configured to have a polygon progression (17) or arc shape (18) towards their free ends.
 21. Device according to claim 18, characterized in that the separator/selector (10), viewed in a side (face) view), consists of two star-shaped shafts.
 22. Device according to claim 18, 19, 20 or 21, characterized in that the stabbing elements (21) are disposed on the surface segments of the separator (10) that contact the containers being fed in, part of the time, which elements point in the direction of rotation (R′).
 23. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device can be coupled to automated devices for accepting bottles and/or cans for recycling, or can be combined with such devices.
 24. Method for pressing together empty containers, particularly beverage bottles or cans made of plastic, particularly of PET, or tin plate, using a device according to at least one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that some of the wall segments of a container that are pressed against one another and cut hook into one another during segmented cutting of the flattened material in the cutting and pressing unit.
 25. Method according to claim 24, characterized in that hooking takes place quasi in the end phase of such a cut.
 26. Method according to claim 24, characterized in that hooking takes place immediately, in other words as such a cut proceeds. 